Installation Guide (Deutsch) - ParabolaWiki

# Installation Guide (Deutsch)

## Pre-Installation

Am besten geht es mit dem Menü-geführten Installierer von der live-CD: Parabola MATE desktop ISO. Aber es geht auch rein manuell wie bei Arch-Linux.

### Architekturen

Parabola GNU/Linux ist für i686, x86_64 und mips Prozessoren optimiert und wird daher nicht auf niedrigeren oder inkompatiblen Generationen der x86 CPUs laufen (i386, i486 oder i586). (Andere völlig frei Distributionen finden Sie hier).

Ein Pentium Pro, Pentium II oder AMD Athlon (K7) Prozessor oder besser ist benötigt. (Genau genommen sind auch CPUs ohne cmov Anweisungen, wie der AMD K6 und via C3, i686, wir benutzen jedoch gcc und der benutzt cmov Anweisungen).

Bevor du Parabola GNU/Linux installierst, solltest du dich für eine Installationsmethode entscheiden.

### Verfügbare Images

Parabola GNU/Linux stellt ISO-Dateien bereit, die auf CD-ROMs oder Fesplatten und USB-Sticks geschrieben werden können.

Es wird der Isolinux Bootloader benutzt. Jedes Installationsmedium gibt es in zwei Varianten, die sich nur in der Anzahl der bereitgestellten Pakete unterscheiden.

    * Die "core" Images beinhalteten einen Snapshot der [core] Pakete.
      Diese Images sind am besten für Leute geeignet, die
      eine langsame oder schwierige Internetverbindung haben.
      Es liegen also physische Installationsdateien direkt auf dem Speichermedium.

    * Die "netinstall" Images beinhalten keine physischen Pakete,
      stattdessen werden über das Internet die Pakete erst im Installationszeitpunkt heruntergeladen.
      Diese Images sind zu bevorzugen, da du damit ein aktuelleres System erhälst
      und sie sind am besten geeignet für Leute mit schneller Internetverbindung.

Im Installer kann eingestellt werden, dass die Pakete über das Internet (oder ein beliebiges anderes Netzwerk) geholt werden sollen. Außerdem können die Images auch als voll funktionsfähige Recovery-Umgebungen genutzt werden.

Die Images verhalten sich genau wie ein normal installiertes System, was sie auch sind - nur dass sie nicht auf einer Festplatte installiert sind, sondern auf einer CD oder einem USB-Image.

Es sind alle "base"-Pakete und zusätzlich verschiedene Netzwerktreiber und Utilities enthalten. Außerdem ist das AIF-Paket installiert (siehe AIF, das Installationstool). Wenn weitere Pakete benötigt werden können diese einfach mit Pacman nachinstalliert werden.

Alle Pakete stehen für i686 und für x86_64 zur Verfügung.

### AIF, das Installationstool

Vorsicht: Veralteter Abschnitt!

Parabola GNU/Linux nutzt nutzte das AIF (Archlinux Installation Framework) bis ca. 2012.

Dieses Werkzeug (eigentlich ein Bash-Skript) besteht aus Bibliotheken, die verschiedene Funktionen ermöglichen (z.B. Pakete installieren, Festplatten partitionieren usw.) und sogenannten Prozeduren ("procedures"), mit denen diese Bibliotheken benutzt werden können.

Folgende Prozeduren sind standardmäßig enthalten:

interactive: Eine interaktive Installationsprozedur, die einige Fragen stellt und das Zielsystem weitgehend danach konfiguriert.

Auf dem so installierten System befinden sich nur eine Reihe von "base"-Paketen und die während der Installation festgelegten Treiber und Tools. Nach dem ersten Booten sollte ein vollständiges Systemupgrade durchgeführt werden, bevor beliebeige weitere Pakete installiert werden (siehe Paketverwaltung).

Alias:

    /libre/setup

automatic: Eine automatisierte Prozedur mit wenig bis keiner Interaktivität. Es werden Profile benutzt um das Zielsystem zu konfigurieren. In /usr/share/aif/examples/ befinden sich einige Beispielkonfigurationen. Die Beispiele sind sehr allgemein können aber natürlich beliebig verändert werden.

base: wenig interaktive Installation mit einigen üblichen Standards. Diese Prozedur wird von anderen als Vorlage benutzt und ist nicht gedacht um direkt genutzt zu werden.

partial-configure-network: verwendet den Netzwerk-Konfigurationsschritt der interaktiven Prozedur um das Netzwerk in der Live-Umgebung einzurichten.

partial-disks: Führt die Festplatten-Einrichtung oder ein Rollback durch.

partial-keymap: Ändert die Tastaturbelegung oder Konsolenschrift.

Alias:

    km

Der Vorteil von Prozeduren wie "partial-keymap" und "partial-configure-network" gegenüber der direkten Nutzung der entspechenden Werkzeuge (wie loadkeys oder ifconfig) ist, dass es bei der interaktiven Prozedur die Möglichkeit gibt die Einstellungen für das Zielsystem zu übernehemen.

Ferner bietet AIF folgende Möglichkeiten:

     * Es können eigene Prozeduren geschrieben werden (von Grund auf oder durch das modifizieren bestehender Prozeduren)
     * Es können eigene Bibliotheken geschrieben werden um neue wiederverwendbare Funktionalitäteten bereitzustellen
     * Es können eigene Konfigurationsdateien für Prozeduren, die dies unterstützen erstellt werden (z.B. automatic)

Weitere Informationen im Readme von AIF.

#### Parabola GNU/Linux beschaffen

Parabola GNU/Linux kann direkt vom Server (http, ftp) oder via BitTorrent (bevorzugt) heruntergeladen werden.

#### Die Installationsmedien vorbereiten

Nach dem Download sollte die md5-Prüfsumme oder die sha256-Prüfsumme aus dem Downloadverzeichnis geholt werden, um die Integrität des Images zu verifizieren (mit sha256sum oder md5sum)

Nun muss das ISO-Image mit einer geeigneten Software auf CD-R oder CD-RW gebrannt werden. Wenn ein USB-Stick genutz wird kann dd oder ein ähnliches Programm genutzt werden:

dd if=parabola-20XX.XX.XX.iso of=/dev/sdX

Es muss /dev/sdX und nicht /dev/sdX1 heißen. Außerdem sollte man unbedingt sicherstellen, dass für das X der richtige Buchstabe eingesetzt wird. Dieser Befehl löschte irreversibel alle Daten auf dem Medium!

### Parabola GNU/Linux installieren

#### Das Installationsmedium benutzen

##### Vor dem Booten

Make sure your BIOS is set in a way to allow booting from your CD-ROM or USB device. Reboot your computer with the Parabola GNU/Linux Installation CD in the drive or the USB stick plugged in the port. Once the installation medium has started booting you will see the Parabola GNU/Linux logo and a grub menu waiting for your selection. Most likely you can just hit enter at this point. If Grub hangs, you're one of the unlucky few whose CD-rom drive doesn't work with grub and you should try the isolinux image.

##### Nach dem Booten

At the end of the boot procedure, you should be at a login prompt with some simple instructions at the top of the screen. You should login as root. At this point you can optionally perform manual preparations and commence the actual installation

If you prefer a non-US keymap or specific consolefont, type

    km

to change

any of these. If for some reason you need network access before starting the installer (the interactive procedure lets you configure the network for NET installations)

you can type

    aif -p partial-configure-network

For both items, changed settings will be remembered to be optionally applied to the target system when using the interactive procedure.

There is also an

    arch

login which can be usefull if you want to do things

as non-privileged user. Most people don't need this.

You will find that everything you need to perform this installation (a copy of this guide, aif README, shortcuts to common aif procedures) can be found in /usr/share/aif/docs

#### PXE benutzen (Netzwerkbooting)

##### Server

On another machine running (Arch) Linux (live or normal), you need to install and configure a dhcp and tftpd daemon. Dnsmasq is a fine choice which can do both. You also need a nbd (network block device) daemon so the client can load the needed files.

You can find more info on the wiki Community contributed documentation

(this section could be a bit more elaborate)

##### Client

Configure your system to try network booting (pxe) first. On most systems this happen by default. You will get an IP from the server and load all needed files over the network automatically. Once booted, you can proceed as normal.

#### Die Installation durchführen

You can either use the interactive procedure or the automatic one. See section [#Aif_the_installation_tool 2.3 AIF, the installation tool] or the AIF readme for more info.

##### Interaktive Installation

Type

    /libre/setup

(or

    aif -p interactive

, which is the same) to start.

After the welcome message and disclaimer you will be presented with the main installation menu. You can use UP and DOWN arrow to navigate menus. Use TAB to switch between buttons and ENTER to select. At any point during the install process, you can switch to your 7th virtual console (ALT-F7) to view the output from the commands the setup is running. Use (ALT-F1) to get back to your first console where the installer is running, and any F-key in between if you need to open another console to intervene manually for any reason.

###### Quelle auswählen

As a first step you must choose the method you want to install Parabola GNU/Linux. If you have a fast Internet connection, you might prefer the NET installation to ensure you get the latest packages instead of using the potentially outdated CD or USB image contents. If you're using a NET image you don't have much choice ;-).

###### CD-ROM oder OTHER SOURCE

When choosing a CD-ROM or OTHER SOURCE install you will only be able to install packages contained on the CD, which may be quite old, or packages stored on a medium you were able to mount (DVD, USB stick or similar) somewhere in the filesystem tree manually. Of course it has the advantage that you won't need an Internet connection, and is therefore the recommended choice for dialup users or those unable or unwilling to download the entire package set.

###### NET (FTP/HTTP)

###### Netzwerk einrichten

The first entry Setup Network will allow you to install and configure your network device. If you are using a wireless device you will still need to use the usual utilities to configure it manually, in which case this part of the installer isn't much use to you. A list of all currently available network devices is presented to you. If no ethernet device is available yet, or the one you wish to use is missing, either hit OK and go on to probe for it, or switch to another console and load the module manually. If you still can't configure your network card, make sure it's physically been properly installed, and that it is supported by the Linux kernel.

When the correct module is loaded, and your desired network card is listed, you should select the ethernet device you want to configure and you will be given the option to configure your network with DHCP. If your network uses DHCP, hit YES and let the installer do the rest. If you select NO, you will be asked to enter the networking information manually. Either way, your network should be successfully configured, and you may check connectivity using standard tools like ping on another console.

###### Uhrzeit einstellen

Set Clock will allow you to set up your system clock and date. First you have to say if your hardwareclock is (or should be) in UTC or localtime. UTC is preferred, but if you have an OS installed which cannot handle UTC BIOS times correctly -like Windows- you'll have to choose localtime. Next the setup will want you to select your continent/country (timezone), and allow you to set the date and time (for which you can also use [1] if your network is up)

###### Festplatte vorbereiten

Prepare Hard Drive will lead you into a submenu offering two alternatives of preparing your target drive(s) for installation, and a means to undo changes if you want to retry.

Auto-prepare will automatically partition (and fully overwrite) one disk of your choice. It creates a simple layout with a /boot, swap, / and /home partition where you have some control over the used filesystems and sizes thereof. If you wish/need more control you can manually partition one or more hard disks and then manually specify a complete setup using the partitions on your disks. You can also use things such as lvm and dm_crypt here. The Rollback feature will check which filesystems were created by either of these methods, unmount the relevant filesystems and destroy lvm and dm_crypt volumes if they were created by you. You need this option if you want to undo or redo a certain scheme. You will be prompted for this if you forget.

Notes:

AIF can help you set up new dm_crypt and lvm volumes, but not (yet) softraid. AIF currently doesn't help you creating volumegroups that span multiple physical volumes. (if you need this -unlikely- : use vgcreate) AIF supports reusing filesystems, but only if it can find the blockdevice. If you want to reuse a filesystem that is on top of lvm/dm_crypt/softraid, you'll need to bring up the volumes yourself.

###### Automatisches Vorbereiten

Auto-Prepare will automatically partition a hard drive of your choice into a /boot, swap, a root partition, and a /home and then create filesystems on all four. These partitions will also be automatically mounted in the proper place. To be exact, this option will create:

32 MB ext2 /boot partition 256 MB swap partition 7.5 GB root partition /home partition with the remaining space

You will be prompted to modify the sizes to your requirements, but /home will always use the remaining disk space. You can customize the used filesystem for /boot and for both of root and /home at once.

Achtung: Die Funktion "Auto-Prepare" wird allen Dateninhalt auf der gesamten Festplatte löschen!

AUTO-PREPARE WILL ERASE ALL DATA ON THE CHOSEN HARD DRIVE!

###### Festplatten manuell partitionieren

Here you can select the disk(s) you want to partition, and you'll be dropped into the cfdisk program where you can freely modify the partitioning information until you [Write] and [Quit]. You will need at least a root partition to continue the installation.

###### Blockgeräte, Dateisysteme und Einhängepunkte manuell konfigurieren

In this menu all recognized partitions are listed. On top of these you can create new filesystems. You should be aware of three things:

All of this is just a model, everything will only be set up after you confirm. Not all blockdevices support all filesystems (Eg you cannot put an LVM volumegroup on something other then a LVM physical volume). The installer will automatically filter the list of possible filesystems and even select the one automatically for you if there's only one option. Some filesystems will cause new blockdevices to be created. This is the case for dm_crypt and lvm volumes. You will see them appear in the model and you can use them to put another filesystem on top of it. When asked for (optional) options to mkfs tools, pass arguments which will literally be added when calling mkfs. For example, to disable the journal on ext filesystems:

don't do:

    ^has_journal

but rather:

    -O ^has_journal

When filesystems setup is complete, you can select 'Done'. At this point a check will be run which will tell you any critical errors (such as no root filesystem) and/or give you some warnings which you may ignore (like no swap). If anything is found, you can go back to fix these issues, or continue at which point everything will be setup the way you asked.

For example, if you want a setup that uses LVM on top of dm_crypt, you would:

make sure that you have a 2 partitions: a small one for the unencrypted boot (about 100M) and one for the rest of the (encrypted) system. (do this in "Manually partition hard drives") on your /dev/sdX1, make an ext2 filesystem with mountpoint /boot on your /dev/sdX2, make a dm_crypt volume, with label sdX2crypt (or whatever you want) /dev/mapper/sdX2crypt will appear. Put a LVM physical volume on this /dev/mapper/sdX2crypt+ appears. This is the representation of the physical volume. Put a volumegroup on this, with label cryptpool (or whatever you want) /dev/mapper/cryptpool appears. On this volumegroup you are able to put multiple logical volumes. Make 2:

one with size 5G: label this cryptroot one with size 10G: label this crypthome

2 new volumes appear:

/dev/mapper/cryptpool-cryptroot: on this blockdevice, you can put your root filesystem, with mountpoint /. /dev/mapper/cryptpool-crypthome is the blockdevice on which you can put the filesystem with mountpoint /home.

If you want swapspace, make a logical volume for swap and put a swap volume on it. That's it! If you select 'done' it should process the model and create your disk setup the way you specified. The cool part is that you can pick relatively small values for your volumes to start with, and if you need more space later you can grow the logical volume and the filesystem on top of it.

###### Rollbacks

The rollback function will do everything necessary to "undo" changes you made in the 'Manually configure block devices, filesystems and mountpoints' or 'Autoprepare' step, to allow you completely redo your setup.

It will:

unmount filesystems from the target system destroy/undo lvm and dm_crypt volumes.

It will not:

undo any partitioning remove 'simple' filesystems such as ext3, xfs, swap etc.

The reason for this is simple: only things that might disturb subsequent hard disk preparations need to be undone.

###### Pakete auswählen

Select Packages will let you select the packages you wish to install from the CD, USB or your NET mirror. You have the opportunity to specify whole package groups from which you'd generally like to install packages, then fine-tune your coarse selection by (de)selecting individual packages from the groups you have chosen using the space bar. It is recommended that you install all the "base" packages, but not anything else at this point. The only exception to this rule is installing any packages you need for setting up Internet connectivity.

Once you're done selecting the packages you need, leave the selection screen and continue to the next step.

###### Pakete installieren

Install Packages will now install the base system and any other packages you selected with resolved dependencies onto your harddisk.

###### System konfigurieren

Configure System does multiple things:

automatically preseed some configuration files (eg grub's menu.lst, mkinitcpio.conf's HOOKS, keymap settings in rc.conf, pacman mirror etc) preseed some configuration files after you agreed. (eg network settings) allow you to manually change important config files for your target system. You'll be asked which text editor you want to use. You have the choice between nano, joe and vi allow you to set the root password for the target.

###### Konfigurationsdateien

These are the core configuration files for Parabola GNU/Linux. If you need help configuring a specific service, please read the appropriate manpage or refer to any online documentation you need. In many cases, the Arch Linux [2] and [3] are a rich source for help as well.

/etc/rc.conf [4] /etc/mkinitcpio.conf /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hosts /etc/hosts.deny /etc/hosts.allow /etc/locale.gen /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.conf /etc/crypttab

###### /etc/rc.conf

This is the main configuration file for Parabola GNU/Linux. It allows you to set your keyboard, timezone, hostname, network, daemons to run and modules to load at bootup, profiles, and more.

LOCALE: This sets your system language, which will be used by all i18n- friendly applications and utilities. See locale.gen below for available options. This setting's default is fine for US English users.

HARDWARECLOCK: Either UTC if your BIOS clock is set to UTC, or localtime if your BIOS clock is set to your local time. If you have an OS installed which cannot handle UTC BIOS times correctly, like Windows, choose localtime here, otherwise you should prefer UTC, which makes daylight savings time a non-issue and has a few other positive aspects.

USEDIRECTISA: If set to "yes" it tells hwclock to use explicit I/O instructions to access the hardware clock. Otherwise, hwclock will try to use the /dev/rtc device it assumes to be driven by the rtc device driver. This setting's default "no" is fine for people not using an ISA machine.

TIMEZONE: Specifies your time zone. Possible time zones are the relative path to a zoneinfo file starting from the directory /usr/share/zoneinfo. For example, a German timezone would be Europe/Berlin, which refers to the file /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin. If you don't know the exact name of your timezone file, worry about it later.

KEYMAP: Defines the keymap to load with the loadkeys program on bootup. Possible keymaps are found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps. Please note that this setting is only valid for your TTYs, not any graphical window managers or X! Again, the default is fine for US users.

CONSOLEFONT: Defines the console font to load with the setfont program on bootup. Possible fonts are found in /usr/share/kbd/consolefonts.

CONSOLEMAP: Defines the console map to load with the setfont program on bootup. Possible maps are found in /usr/share/kbd/consoletrans. Set this to a map suitable for the appropriate locale (8859-1 for Latin1, for example) if you're using an UTF-8 locale above, and use programs that generate 8-bit output. If you're using X11 for everyday work, don't bother, as it only affects the output of Linux console applications.

USECOLOR: Enable (or disable) colorized status messages during boot-up.

MOD_AUTOLOAD: If set to "yes", udev will be allowed to load modules as necessary upon bootup. If set to "no", it will not.

MODULES: In this array you can list the names of modules you want to load during bootup without the need to bind them to a hardware device as in the modprobe.conf. Simply add the name of the module here, and put any options into modprobe.conf if need be. Prepending a module with a bang ('!') will blacklist the module, and not allow it to be loaded.

USELVM: Set to "yes" to run a vgchange during sysinit, thus activating any LVM groups

HOSTNAME: Set this to the hostname of the machine, without the domain part. This is totally your choice, as long as you stick to letters, digits and a few common special characters like the dash.

INTERFACES: Here you define the settings for your networking interfaces. The default lines and the included comments explain the setup well enough. If you use DHCP, 'eth0="dhcp"' should work for you. If you do not use DHCP just keep in mind that the value of the variable (whose name must be equal to the name of the device which is supposed to be configured) equals the line which would be appended to the ifconfig command if you were to configure the device manually in the shell.

ROUTES: You can define your own static network routes with arbitrary names here. Look at the example for a default gateway to get the idea. Basically the quoted part is identical to what you'd pass to a manual route add command, therefore reading man route is recommended or simply leave this alone.

[5]: Enables certain network profiles at bootup. Network profiles provide a convenient way of managing multiple network configurations, and are intended to replace the standard INTERFACES/ROUTES setup that is still recommended for systems with only one network configuration. If your computer will be participating in various networks at various times (eg, a laptop) then you should take a look at the /etc/network-profiles/ directory to set up some profiles. There is a template file included there that can be used to create new profiles. This now requires the netcfg package.

DAEMONS: This array simply lists the names of those scripts contained in /etc/rc.d/ which are supposed to be started during the boot process. If a script name is prefixed with a bang (!), it is not executed. If a script is prefixed with an "at" symbol (@), then it will be executed in the background, ie. the startup sequence will not wait for successful completion before continuing. Usually you do not need to change the defaults to get a running system, but you are going to edit this array whenever you install system services like sshd, and want to start these automatically during bootup.

[6]

Filesystem settings and mountpoints are configured here. The installer should have created the necessary entries. Ensure they are accurate and correct.

/etc/mkinitcpio.conf

This file allows you to fine-tune the initial ramdisk for your system. The ramdisk is a gzipped image that is read by the kernel during bootup. Its purpose is to bootstrap the system to the point where it can access the root filesystem. This means it has to load any modules that are required to "see" things like IDE, SCSI, or SATA drives (or USB/FW, if you are booting off a USB/FW drive). Once the ramdisk loads the proper modules, either manually or through udev, it passes control to the Arch system and your bootup continues. For this reason, the ramdisk only needs to contain the modules necessary to access the root filesystem. It does not need to contain every module you would ever want to use. The majority of your everyday modules will be loaded later on by udev, during the init process.

By default, mkinitcpio.conf is configured to autodetect all needed modules for IDE, SCSI, or SATA systems through so-called HOOKS. The installer should also have inserted hooks like crypt, lvm, keymap and usbinput if relevant. This means the default initrd should work for almost everybody. You can edit mkinitcpio.conf and remove the subsystem HOOKS (ie, IDE, SCSI, RAID, USB, etc) that you don't need. You can customize even further by specifying the exact modules you need in the MODULES array and remove even more of the hooks, but proceed with caution.

If you're using RAID on your root filesystem, the RAID settings near the bottom must be configured. See the wiki pages for RAID and mkinitcpio for more info. If you're using a non-US keyboard, you should also add the 'keymap' hook, as well as the 'usbinput' hook if you are using a USB keyboard.

/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf

This tells the kernel which modules to load for system devices, and what options to set. For example, to have the kernel load the Realtek 8139 ethernet module when it starts the network (ie. tries to setup eth0), use this line:

     alias eth0 8139too

Most people will not need to edit this file.

/etc/resolv.conf

Use this file to manually setup your preferred nameserver(s). It should basically look like this:

     search domain.tld

     nameserver 192.168.0.1

     nameserver 192.168.0.2

Replace domain.tld and the ip addresses with your settings. The so-called search domain specifies the default domain that is appended to unqualified hostnames automatically. By setting this, a ping myhost will effectively become a ping myhost.domain.tld with the above values. These settings usually aren't mighty important, though, and most people should leave them alone for now. If you use DHCP, this file will be replaced with the correct values automatically when networking is started, meaning you can and should happily ignore this file.

/etc/hosts

This is where you stick hostname/ip associations of computers on your network. If a hostname isn't known to your DNS, you can add it here to allow proper resolving, or override DNS replies. You usually don't need to change anything here, but you might want to add the hostname and hostname + domain of the local machine to this file, resolving to the IP of your network interface. Some services, postfix for example, will bomb otherwise. If you don't know what you're doing, leave this file alone until you read man hosts.

/etc/hosts.deny

This file denies network services access. By default all network services are denied.

     ALL: ALL: DENY

/etc/hosts.allow

This file allows network services access. Enter the services you want to allow here. eg. to allow all machines to connect via ssh:

     sshd: ALL: ALLOW

/etc/locale.gen

This file contains a list of all supported locales and charsets available to you. When choosing a LOCALE in your /etc/rc.conf or when starting a program, it is required to uncomment the respective locale in this file, to make a "compiled" version available to the system, and run the locale-gen command as root to generate all uncommented locales and put them in their place afterwards. You should uncomment all locales you intend to use.

During the installation process, you do not need to run locale-gen manually, this will be taken care of automatically after saving your changes to this file. By default, all locales are enabled that would make sense by rc.conf's LOCALE= setting. To make your system work smoothly, you should edit this file and uncomment at least the one locale you're using in your rc.conf.

/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

This file contains a list of mirrors from which pacman will download packages for the official Parabola GNU/Linux repositories. The mirrors are tried in the order in which they are listed. The $repo macro is automatically expanded by pacman depending on the repository (core, extra, community or testing).

If you are performing an FTP installation, the mirror you used to download the packages from will be added on top of the mirror list, in order to be used as the default mirror in your new Parabola GNU/Linux system.

/etc/pacman.conf

Here you can customize pacman settings such as which repositories to use.

/etc/crypttab

If you use encryption on a device which is not used to bring up your root, (and hence is not enabled by the encrypt hook in mkinitcpio.conf), you should configure the volume in this file.

Set Root Password

At this step, you must set the root password for your system. Choose this password carefully, preferably as a mixture of alphanumeric and special characters, since this password allows you to modify critical parts of your system.

When you are done editing the configuration files choose Return to return to the main menu. The setup will regenerate the initial ramdisk to enable the changes you made in mkinitcpio.conf.

###### Bootloader installieren

Install Bootloader will install a bootloader on your hard drive, either GRUB or NONE in case you have a bootloader already installed and want to use that one instead. If you choose to install GRUB, the setup script will want you to examine the appropriate configuration file to confirm the proper settings.

/boot/grub/menu.lst

You should check and modify this file to accommodate your boot setup if you want to use GRUB, otherwise you will have to modify your existing bootloader's configuration file. The installer will have pre-populated this file using UUID entries which you may have to change in the same cases you'd need to change them in your fstab.

After checking your bootloader configuration for correctness, you'll be prompted for a partition to install the loader to. Unless you're using yet another boot loader, you should install GRUB to the MBR of the installation disk, which is usually represented by the appropriate device name without a number suffix.

###### Installation beenden

Exit the Installer, remove the media you used for the installation, type reboot at the command line and cross your fingers!

## Automatische Installation=

With the automatic installation procedure, you can do scripted/automatic installations. In /usr/share/aif/examples you will find example profiles which will need no or minimal editing in order to install a system:

generic-install-on-sda this file demonstrates some things you can do (adding custom packages, setting timezone, update config files etc) it sets up a simple installation (with a structure similar to what you get with Auto-prepare) on /dev/sda fancy-install-on-sda very similar to generic-install-on-sda, but sets up a "filesystems on lvm on dm_crypt" system on /dev/sda

Note that these files are plain bash files, so if you want to define for

example

    SYNC_URL

it must be singlequoted to prevent bash expanding

    $repo

Invoke as

    aif -p automatic -c /path/to/configfile

Obviously, don't forget to change the hard disk names unless you want to use /dev/sda.

#### Syntax der Konfigurationsdatei

Config files will be sourced by the bash shell, so they need to be valid bash code.

PARTITIONS: Allows you to define partitions for your hard disk, separated by spaces.

first comes the device file for the hard disk then for each partition you want: size in MiB (or '*' for all remaining space),filesystem type and optionally a '+' to toggle the bootable flag. separated by colons (':')

BLOCKDATA: In this multi-line variable you can describe for each partition you'll have how it should be used. Study the examples to see how it works.

## Installationen anpassen

You can also customize your installation experience by writing new procedures (possibly inheriting from current procedures) or config files for procedures that support it (eg automatic). You have all the aif libraries at your disposal and you can create new libraries. (see /usr/lib/aif) This is a moving target, so consult the AIF readme for more information.

## Dein neues System

If all went well, you can reboot your system (make sure you don't boot again from the same USB disk or CD-ROM drive) and your new system will boot.

You'll notice that in the early userspace (the part that comes after the bootloader) the hooks (as defined in mkinitcpio.conf) needed to get your root filesystem are run. If you have lvm, it will run the lvm hook. If you use encryption, it will run the keymap and encrypt hooks so you can enter your password to decrypt the volume.

Once the system is booted, login as root. By default the password is empty but in the interactive procedure you can change it.

## Mehr Informationen

### Paketverwaltung

Pacman is the package manager which tracks all the software installed on your system. It has simple dependency support and uses the standard gzipped tar archive format for all packages. Some common tasks you might need to use during installation, are explained below with their respective commands. For an extensive explanation of pacman's options, read man pacman or consult the Pacman article.

### Typische Aufgaben

Refreshing the package list

    Pakete auffrischen

     # pacman --sync --refresh
     # pacman -Sy

This will retrieve a fresh master package list from the repositories defined in the /etc/pacman.conf file and decompress it into the database area.

Search the repositories for a package

    Paket Suche

     # pacman --sync --search <regexp>
     # pacman -Ss <regexp>

Search each package in the sync databases for names or descriptions that match regexp.

Display specific package info from the repository database

    Metadaten des Paketes

     # pacman --sync --info foo
     # pacman -Si foo

Displays information from the repository database on package foo (size, build date, dependencies, conflicts, etc.)

Adding a package from the repositories

    Paket auf lokalem Rechner installieren aus dem Repo

     # pacman --sync foo
     # pacman -S foo

Retrieve and install package foo, complete with all dependencies it requires. Before using any sync option, make sure you refreshed the package list.

List installed packages

    Liste aller lokal installierten Pakete erstellen

     # pacman --query
     # pacman -Q

Displays a list of all installed packages in the system.

Check if a specific package is installed

    Ist Paket "foo" lokal installiert?

     # pacman --query foo
     # pacman -Q foo

This command will display the name and version of the foo package if it is installed, nothing otherwise.

Display specific package info

    Info des Paketes "foo" abfragen

     # pacman --query --info foo
     # pacman -Qi foo

Displays information on the installed package foo (size, install date, build date, dependencies, conflicts, etc.)

Display list of files contained in package

    Welche Dateien beinhaltet Paket "foo"?

     # pacman --query --list foo
     # pacman -Ql foo

Lists all files belonging to package foo.

Find out which package a specific file belongs to

    Zu welchem Paket gehört die Datei mit Namen "file"?

     # pacman --query --owns /path/to/file
     # pacman -Qo /path/to/file

This query displays the name and version of the package which contains the file referenced by its full path as a parameter.

## Danksagung

Der Ausgangsartikel hiervon kam aus dem arch-wiki, welcher ggf. von lizenzmäßigen Beschränkungen befreit wurde.

This wiki article is based on ArchWiki. We may have removed non-FSDG bits from it.

## weiterführend: X-window Systeme

- Xorg
- KDE
- GNOME

Categories:

- Getting and installing
- Deutsch
- Request:Correction