perl Module

Bastian Friedrich

   Collax GmbH

Edited by

Bastian Friedrich

   Copyright © 2007 Collax GmbH
     __________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents

   1. Admin Guide

        1. Overview
        2. Installing the module
        3. Using the module
        4. Dependencies

              4.1. Kamailio Modules
              4.2. External Libraries or Applications

        5. Parameters

              5.1. filename (string)
              5.2. modpath (string)
              5.3. reset_cycles (int)
              5.4. perl_destroy_func (string)

        6. Functions

              6.1. perl_exec_simple(func, [param])
              6.2. perl_exec(func, [param])

        7. RPC Commands

              7.1. app_perl.set_reset_cycles
              7.2. app_perl.get_reset_cycles

   2. Kamailio Perl API

        1. Kamailio

              1.1. log(level,message)

        2. Kamailio::Message

              2.1. getType()
              2.2. getStatus()
              2.3. getReason()
              2.4. getVersion()
              2.5. getRURI()
              2.6. getMethod()
              2.7. getFullHeader()
              2.8. getBody()
              2.9. getMessage()
              2.10. getHeader(name)
              2.11. getHeaderNames()
              2.12. moduleFunction(func,string1,string2)
              2.13. log(level,message) (deprecated type)
              2.14. rewrite_ruri(newruri)
              2.15. setFlag(flag)
              2.16. resetFlag(flag)
              2.17. isFlagSet(flag)
              2.18. pseudoVar(string)
              2.19. append_branch(branch,qval)
              2.20. getParsedRURI()

        3. Kamailio::URI

              3.1. user()
              3.2. host()
              3.3. passwd()
              3.4. port()
              3.5. params()
              3.6. headers()
              3.7. transport()
              3.8. ttl()
              3.9. user_param()
              3.10. maddr()
              3.11. method()
              3.12. lr()
              3.13. r2()
              3.14. transport_val()
              3.15. ttl_val()
              3.16. user_param_val()
              3.17. maddr_val()
              3.18. method_val()
              3.19. lr_val()
              3.20. r2_val()

        4. Kamailio::AVP

              4.1. add(name,val)
              4.2. get(name)
              4.3. destroy(name)

        5. Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers

              5.1.
                      new(publicAccessPrefix,internationalPrefix,longDistanceP
                      refix,countryCode,areaCode,pbxCode)

              5.2. canonicalForm( number [, context] )
              5.3. dialNumber( number [, context] )

        6. Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf

              6.1. Constructor new()
              6.2. Method base()
              6.3. Method host()
              6.4. Method port()
              6.5. Method uri()
              6.6. Method rootbindpw()
              6.7. Method rootbinddn()
              6.8. Method binddn()
              6.9. Method bindpw()

        7. Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection

              7.1. Constructor new( [config, [authenticated]] )
              7.2. Function/Method search( conf, filter, base,
                      [requested_attributes ...])

                    7.2.1. Arguments:
                    7.2.2. Result:

        8. Kamailio::VDB
        9. Kamailio::Constants
        10. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Speeddial
        11. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Alias

              11.1. query(conds,retkeys,order)

        12. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::AccountingSIPtrace
        13. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Describe
        14. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Auth
        15. Kamailio::VDB::ReqCond

              15.1. new(key,op,type,name)
              15.2. op()

        16. Kamailio::VDB::Pair

              16.1. new(key,type,name)
              16.2. key()

        17. Kamailio::VDB::VTab

              17.1. new()
              17.2. call(op,[args])

        18. Kamailio::VDB::Value

              18.1. stringification
              18.2. new(type,data)
              18.3. type()
              18.4. data()

        19. Kamailio::VDB::Column

              19.1. Stringification
              19.2. new(type,name)
              19.3. type( )
              19.4. name()
              19.5. Kamailio::VDB::Result
              19.6. new(coldefs,[row, row, ...])
              19.7. coldefs()
              19.8. rows()

   3. Perl samples

        1. Sample directory

              1.1. Script descriptions

                    1.1.1. branches.pl
                    1.1.2. firstline.pl
                    1.1.3. flags.pl
                    1.1.4. functions.pl
                    1.1.5. headers.pl
                    1.1.6. logging.pl
                    1.1.7. messagedump.pl
                    1.1.8. persistence.pl
                    1.1.9. phonenumbers.pl
                    1.1.10. pseudovars.pl

   4. Frequently Asked Questions

   List of Examples

   1.1. Set filename parameter
   1.2. Set modpath parameter
   1.3. Set reset_cycles parameter
   1.4. Set perl_destroy_func parameter
   1.5. perl_exec_simple() usage
   1.6. perl_exec() usage
   1.7. app_perl.set_reset_cycles usage
   1.8. app_perl.get_reset_cycles usage

Chapter 1. Admin Guide

   Table of Contents

   1. Overview
   2. Installing the module
   3. Using the module
   4. Dependencies

        4.1. Kamailio Modules
        4.2. External Libraries or Applications

   5. Parameters

        5.1. filename (string)
        5.2. modpath (string)
        5.3. reset_cycles (int)
        5.4. perl_destroy_func (string)

   6. Functions

        6.1. perl_exec_simple(func, [param])
        6.2. perl_exec(func, [param])

   7. RPC Commands

        7.1. app_perl.set_reset_cycles
        7.2. app_perl.get_reset_cycles

1. Overview

   The time needed when writing a new Kamailio module unfortunately is
   quite high, while the options provided by the configuration file are
   limited to the features implemented in the modules.

   With this Perl module, you can easily implement your own Kamailio
   extensions in Perl. This allows for simple access to the full world of
   CPAN modules. SIP URI rewriting could be implemented based on regular
   expressions; accessing arbitrary data backends, e.g. LDAP or Berkeley
   DB files, is now extremely simple.

2. Installing the module

   This Perl module is loaded in kamailio.cfg (just like all the other
   modules) with loadmodule("/path/to/perl.so");.

   For the Perl module to compile, you need a reasonably recent version of
   perl (tested with 5.8.8) linked dynamically. It is strongly advised to
   use a threaded version. The default binary packages from your favorite
   Linux distribution should work fine.

   Cross compilation is supported by the Makefile. You need to set the
   environment variables PERLLDOPTS, PERLCCOPTS and TYPEMAP to values
   similar to the output of
PERLLDOPTS: perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ldopts
PERLCCOPTS: perl -MExtUtils::Embed -e ccopts
TYPEMAP:    echo "`perl -MConfig -e 'print $Config{installprivlib}'`/ExtUtils/ty
pemap"

   The exact position of your (precompiled!) perl libraries depends on the
   setup of your environment.

3. Using the module

   The Perl module has two interfaces: The perl side, and the Kamailio
   side. Once a Perl function is defined and loaded via the module
   parameters (see below), it may be called in Kamailio's configuration at
   an arbitrary point. E.g., you could write a function "ldap_alias" in
   Perl, and then execute
...
if (perl_exec("ldap_alias")) {
        ...
}
...

   just as you would have done with the current alias_db module.

   The functions you can use are listed in the "Exported Functions"
   section below.

   On the Perl side, there are a number of functions that let you read and
   modify the current SIP message, such as the RURI or the message flags.
   An introduction to the Perl interface and the full reference
   documentation can be found below.

4. Dependencies

   4.1. Kamailio Modules
   4.2. External Libraries or Applications

4.1. Kamailio Modules

   The following modules must be loaded before this module:
     * The "sl" module is needed for sending replies upon fatal errors.
       All other modules can be accessed from the Perl module, though.

4.2. External Libraries or Applications

   The following libraries or applications must be installed before
   running Kamailio with this module loaded:
     * Perl 5.8.x or later

   Additionally, a number of perl modules should be installed. The
   Kamailio::LDAPUtils package relies on Net::LDAP to be installed. One of
   the sample scripts needs IPC::Shareable

   This module has been developed and tested with Perl 5.8.8, but should
   work with any 5.8.x release. Compilation is possible with 5.6.x, but
   its behavior is unsupported. Earlier versions do not work.

   On current Debian systems, at least the following packages should be
   installed:
     * perl
     * perl-base
     * perl-modules
     * libperl5.8
     * libperl-dev
     * libnet-ldap-perl
     * libipc-shareable-perl

   It was reported that other Debian-style distributions (such as Ubuntu)
   need the same packages.

   On SuSE systems, at least the following packages should be installed:
     * perl
     * perl-ldap
     * IPC::Shareable perl module from CPAN

   Although SuSE delivers a lot of perl modules, others may have to be
   fetched from CPAN. Consider using the program “cpan2rpm” - which, in
   turn, is available on CPAN. It creates RPM files from CPAN.

5. Parameters

   5.1. filename (string)
   5.2. modpath (string)
   5.3. reset_cycles (int)
   5.4. perl_destroy_func (string)

5.1. filename (string)

   This is the file name of your script. This may be set once only, but it
   may include an arbitrary number of functions and “use” as many Perl
   module as necessary.

   Must not be empty!

   Example 1.1. Set filename parameter
...
modparam("app_perl", "filename", "/home/test/kamailio/myperl.pl")
...

5.2. modpath (string)

   The path to the Perl modules included (Kamailio.pm et.al). It is not
   absolutely crucial to set this path, as you may install the Modules in
   Perl's standard path, or update the “%INC” variable from within your
   script. Using this module parameter is the standard behavior, though.
   Multiple paths may be specified by separating them with a “:”
   character. The maximum is 10 paths.

   Example 1.2. Set modpath parameter
...
modparam("app_perl", "modpath", "/usr/local/lib/kamailio/perl/")
...

5.3. reset_cycles (int)

   The number of execution cycles after which the embedded perl
   interpreter is reset. Sometimes is hard to track the scope of variables
   in all used perl modules and that can result in leaks of system memory.
   Resetting the interpreter cleans the memory space.

   When the interpreter is reset, the perl script is loaded again. Note
   that not all Kamailio processes will reset the interpreter at the same
   time. Each will do it when it has executed the script for the number of
   reset_cycles. Also, be aware that the reset of the interpreter is
   taking a bit of time (in the order of tens of mili-seconds).

   Default value is 0 - never reset the interpreter.

   Example 1.3. Set reset_cycles parameter
...
modparam("app_perl", "reset_cycles", 100000)
...

5.4. perl_destroy_func (string)

   The name of Perl function to be executed before the interpreter is
   re-initialized (reset -- see reset_cycles parameter) at runtime. This
   could be useful to clean global variables or file descriptors from the
   Perl script.

   Example 1.4. Set perl_destroy_func parameter
...
modparam("app_perl", "perl_destroy_func", "my_perl_destroy")
...

6. Functions

   6.1. perl_exec_simple(func, [param])
   6.2. perl_exec(func, [param])

6.1.  perl_exec_simple(func, [param])

   Calls a perl function without passing it the current SIP message. May
   be used for very simple simple requests that do not have to fiddle with
   the message themselves, but rather return information values about the
   environment.

   The first parameter is the function to be called. An arbitrary string
   may optionally be passed as a parameter.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE,
   ONREPLY_ROUTE and BRANCH_ROUTE.

   Example 1.5. perl_exec_simple() usage
...
if (method=="INVITE") {
        perl_exec_simple("dosomething", "on invite messages");
};
...

6.2.  perl_exec(func, [param])

   Calls a perl function with passing it the current SIP message. The SIP
   message is reflected by a Perl module that gives you access to the
   information in the current SIP message (Kamailio::Message).

   The first parameter is the function to be called. An arbitrary string
   may be passed as a parameter.

   This function can be used from REQUEST_ROUTE, FAILURE_ROUTE,
   ONREPLY_ROUTE and BRANCH_ROUTE.

   Example 1.6. perl_exec() usage
...
if (perl_exec("ldapalias")) {
        ...
};
...

7. RPC Commands

   7.1. app_perl.set_reset_cycles
   7.2. app_perl.get_reset_cycles

7.1.  app_perl.set_reset_cycles

   Set the value of the reset_cycle. The command has one integer
   parameter.

   Example 1.7. app_perl.set_reset_cycles usage
...
kamcmd app_perl.set_reset_cycles 20000
...

7.2.  app_perl.get_reset_cycles

   Return the value of the reset_cycle.

   Example 1.8. app_perl.get_reset_cycles usage
...
kamcmd app_perl.get_reset_cycles
...

Chapter 2. Kamailio Perl API

   Table of Contents

   1. Kamailio

        1.1. log(level,message)

   2. Kamailio::Message

        2.1. getType()
        2.2. getStatus()
        2.3. getReason()
        2.4. getVersion()
        2.5. getRURI()
        2.6. getMethod()
        2.7. getFullHeader()
        2.8. getBody()
        2.9. getMessage()
        2.10. getHeader(name)
        2.11. getHeaderNames()
        2.12. moduleFunction(func,string1,string2)
        2.13. log(level,message) (deprecated type)
        2.14. rewrite_ruri(newruri)
        2.15. setFlag(flag)
        2.16. resetFlag(flag)
        2.17. isFlagSet(flag)
        2.18. pseudoVar(string)
        2.19. append_branch(branch,qval)
        2.20. getParsedRURI()

   3. Kamailio::URI

        3.1. user()
        3.2. host()
        3.3. passwd()
        3.4. port()
        3.5. params()
        3.6. headers()
        3.7. transport()
        3.8. ttl()
        3.9. user_param()
        3.10. maddr()
        3.11. method()
        3.12. lr()
        3.13. r2()
        3.14. transport_val()
        3.15. ttl_val()
        3.16. user_param_val()
        3.17. maddr_val()
        3.18. method_val()
        3.19. lr_val()
        3.20. r2_val()

   4. Kamailio::AVP

        4.1. add(name,val)
        4.2. get(name)
        4.3. destroy(name)

   5. Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers

        5.1.
                new(publicAccessPrefix,internationalPrefix,longDistancePrefix,
                countryCode,areaCode,pbxCode)

        5.2. canonicalForm( number [, context] )
        5.3. dialNumber( number [, context] )

   6. Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf

        6.1. Constructor new()
        6.2. Method base()
        6.3. Method host()
        6.4. Method port()
        6.5. Method uri()
        6.6. Method rootbindpw()
        6.7. Method rootbinddn()
        6.8. Method binddn()
        6.9. Method bindpw()

   7. Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection

        7.1. Constructor new( [config, [authenticated]] )
        7.2. Function/Method search( conf, filter, base,
                [requested_attributes ...])

              7.2.1. Arguments:
              7.2.2. Result:

   8. Kamailio::VDB
   9. Kamailio::Constants
   10. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Speeddial
   11. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Alias

        11.1. query(conds,retkeys,order)

   12. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::AccountingSIPtrace
   13. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Describe
   14. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Auth
   15. Kamailio::VDB::ReqCond

        15.1. new(key,op,type,name)
        15.2. op()

   16. Kamailio::VDB::Pair

        16.1. new(key,type,name)
        16.2. key()

   17. Kamailio::VDB::VTab

        17.1. new()
        17.2. call(op,[args])

   18. Kamailio::VDB::Value

        18.1. stringification
        18.2. new(type,data)
        18.3. type()
        18.4. data()

   19. Kamailio::VDB::Column

        19.1. Stringification
        19.2. new(type,name)
        19.3. type( )
        19.4. name()
        19.5. Kamailio::VDB::Result
        19.6. new(coldefs,[row, row, ...])
        19.7. coldefs()
        19.8. rows()

1. Kamailio

   1.1. log(level,message)

   This module provides access to a limited number of Kamailio core
   functions. As the most interesting functions deal with SIP messages,
   they are located in the Kamailio::Message class below.

1.1. log(level,message)

   Logs the message with Kamailio's logging facility. The logging level is
   one of the following:
* L_ALERT
* L_CRIT
* L_ERR
* L_WARN
* L_NOTICE
* L_INFO
* L_DBG

   Please note that this method is NOT automatically exported, as it
   collides with the perl function log (which calculates the logarithm).
   Either explicitly import the function (via use Kamailio qw ( log );),
   or call it with its full name:
Kamailio::log(L_INFO, "foobar");

2. Kamailio::Message

   2.1. getType()
   2.2. getStatus()
   2.3. getReason()
   2.4. getVersion()
   2.5. getRURI()
   2.6. getMethod()
   2.7. getFullHeader()
   2.8. getBody()
   2.9. getMessage()
   2.10. getHeader(name)
   2.11. getHeaderNames()
   2.12. moduleFunction(func,string1,string2)
   2.13. log(level,message) (deprecated type)
   2.14. rewrite_ruri(newruri)
   2.15. setFlag(flag)
   2.16. resetFlag(flag)
   2.17. isFlagSet(flag)
   2.18. pseudoVar(string)
   2.19. append_branch(branch,qval)
   2.20. getParsedRURI()

   This package provides access functions for an Kamailio sip_msg
   structure and its sub-components. Through its means it is possible to
   fully configure alternative routing decisions.

2.1. getType()

   Returns one of the constants SIP_REQUEST, SIP_REPLY, SIP_INVALID
   stating the type of the current message.

2.2. getStatus()

   Returns the status code of the current Reply message. This function is
   invalid in Request context!

2.3. getReason()

   Returns the reason of the current Reply message. This function is
   invalid in Request context!

2.4. getVersion()

   Returns the version string of the current SIP message.

2.5. getRURI()

   This function returns the recipient URI of the present SIP message:

   my $ruri = $m->getRURI();

   getRURI returns a string. See “getParsedRURI()” below how to receive a
   parsed structure.

   This function is valid in request messages only.

2.6. getMethod()

   Returns the current method, such as INVITE, REGISTER, ACK and so on.

   my $method = $m->getMethod();

   This function is valid in request messages only.

2.7. getFullHeader()

   Returns the full message header as present in the current message. You
   might use this header to further work with it with your favorite MIME
   package.

   my $hdr = $m->getFullHeader();

2.8. getBody()

   Returns the message body.

2.9. getMessage()

   Returns the whole message including headers and body.

2.10. getHeader(name)

   Returns the body of the first message header with this name.

   print $m->getHeader("To");

   "John" <sip:john@doe.example>

2.11. getHeaderNames()

   Returns an array of all header names. Duplicates possible!

2.12. moduleFunction(func,string1,string2)

   Search for an arbitrary function in module exports and call it with the
   parameters self, string1, string2.

   string1 and/or string2 may be omitted.

   As this function provides access to the functions that are exported to
   the Kamailio configuration file, it is autoloaded for unknown
   functions. Instead of writing
$m->moduleFunction("sl_send_reply", "500", "Internal Error");
$m->moduleFunction("xlog", "L_INFO", "foo");

   you may as well write
$m->sl_send_reply("500", "Internal Error");
$m->xlog("L_INFO", "foo");

   WARNING

   In Kamailio 1.2, only a limited subset of module functions is
   available. This restriction will be removed in a later version.

   Here is a list of functions that are expected to be working (not
   claiming completeness):
* alias_db_lookup
* consume_credentials
* is_rpid_user_e164
* append_rpid_hf
* bind_auth
* avp_print
* cpl_process_register
* cpl_process_register_norpl
* load_dlg
* ds_next_dst
* ds_next_domain
* ds_mark_dst
* ds_mark_dst
* is_from_local
* is_uri_host_local
* dp_can_connect
* dp_apply_policy
* enum_query (without parameters)
* enum_fquery (without parameters)
* is_from_user_enum (without parameters)
* i_enum_query (without parameters)
* imc_manager
* jab_* (all functions from the jabber module)
* load_gws (without parameters)
* next_gw
* from_gw (without parameters)
* to_gw (without parameters)
* load_contacts
* next_contacts
* sdp_mangle_ip
* sdp_mangle_port
* encode_contact
* decode_contact
* decode_contact_header
* fix_contact
* use_media_proxy
* end_media_session
* m_store
* m_dump
* fix_nated_contact
* unforce_rtp_proxy
* force_rtp_proxy
* fix_nated_register
* add_rcv_param
* options_reply
* checkospheader
* validateospheader
* requestosprouting
* checkosproute
* prepareosproute
* prepareallosproutes
* checkcallingtranslation
* reportospusage
* mangle_pidf
* mangle_message_cpim
* add_path (without parameters)
* add_path_received (without parameters)
* prefix2domain
* allow_routing (without parameters)
* allow_trusted
* pike_check_req
* handle_publish
* handle_subscribe
* stored_pres_info
* bind_pua
* send_publish
* send_subscribe
* pua_set_publish
* loose_route
* record_route
* load_rr
* sip_trace
* sl_reply_error
* sms_send_msg
* sd_lookup
* sstCheckMin
* append_time
* has_body (without parameters)
* is_peer_verified
* t_newtran
* t_release
* t_relay (without parameters)
* t_flush_flags
* t_check_trans
* t_was_cancelled
* t_load_contacts
* t_next_contacts
* uac_restore_from
* uac_auth
* has_totag
* tel2sip
* check_to
* check_from
* radius_does_uri_exist
* ul_* (All functions exported by the usrloc module for user access)
* xmpp_send_message

2.13. log(level,message) (deprecated type)

   Logs the message with Kamailio's logging facility. The logging level is
   one of the following:
* L_ALERT
* L_CRIT
* L_ERR
* L_WARN
* L_NOTICE
* L_INFO
* L_DBG

   The logging function should be accessed via the Kamailio module
   variant. This one, located in Kamailio::Message, is deprecated.

2.14. rewrite_ruri(newruri)

   Sets a new destination (recipient) URI. Useful for rerouting the
   current message/call.
if ($m->getRURI() =~ m/\@somedomain.net/) {
  $m->rewrite_ruri("sip:dispatcher\@organization.net");
}

2.15. setFlag(flag)

   Sets a message flag. The constants as known from the C API may be used,
   when Constants.pm is included.

2.16. resetFlag(flag)

   Resets a message flag.

2.17. isFlagSet(flag)

   Returns whether a message flag is set or not.

2.18. pseudoVar(string)

   Returns a new string where all pseudo variables are substituted by
   their values. Can be used to receive the values of single variables,
   too.

   Please remember that you need to escape the '$' sign in perl strings!

2.19. append_branch(branch,qval)

   Append a branch to current message.

2.20. getParsedRURI()

   Returns the current destination URI as an Kamailio::URI object.

3. Kamailio::URI

   3.1. user()
   3.2. host()
   3.3. passwd()
   3.4. port()
   3.5. params()
   3.6. headers()
   3.7. transport()
   3.8. ttl()
   3.9. user_param()
   3.10. maddr()
   3.11. method()
   3.12. lr()
   3.13. r2()
   3.14. transport_val()
   3.15. ttl_val()
   3.16. user_param_val()
   3.17. maddr_val()
   3.18. method_val()
   3.19. lr_val()
   3.20. r2_val()

   This package provides functions for access to sip_uri structures.

3.1. user()

   Returns the user part of this URI.

3.2. host()

   Returns the host part of this URI.

3.3. passwd()

   Returns the passwd part of this URI.

3.4. port()

   Returns the port part of this URI.

3.5. params()

   Returns the params part of this URI.

3.6. headers()

   Returns the headers part of this URI.

3.7. transport()

   Returns the transport part of this URI.

3.8. ttl()

   Returns the ttl part of this URI.

3.9. user_param()

   Returns the user_param part of this URI.

3.10. maddr()

   Returns the maddr part of this URI.

3.11. method()

   Returns the method part of this URI.

3.12. lr()

   Returns the lr part of this URI.

3.13. r2()

   Returns the r2 part of this URI.

3.14. transport_val()

   Returns the transport_val part of this URI.

3.15. ttl_val()

   Returns the ttl_val part of this URI.

3.16. user_param_val()

   Returns the user_param_val part of this URI.

3.17. maddr_val()

   Returns the maddr_val part of this URI.

3.18. method_val()

   Returns the method_val part of this URI.

3.19. lr_val()

   Returns the lr_val part of this URI.

3.20. r2_val()

   Returns the r2_val part of this URI.

4. Kamailio::AVP

   4.1. add(name,val)
   4.2. get(name)
   4.3. destroy(name)

   This package provides access functions for Kamailio's AVPs. These
   variables can be created, evaluated, modified and removed through this
   package.

   Please note that these functions do NOT support the notation used in
   the configuration file, but directly work on strings or numbers. See
   documentation of add method below.

4.1. add(name,val)

   Add an AVP.

   Add an Kamailio AVP to its environment. name and val may both be
   integers or strings; this function will try to guess what is correct.
   Please note that
Kamailio::AVP::add("10", "10")

   is something different than
Kamailio::AVP::add(10, 10)

   due to this evaluation: The first will create _string_ AVPs with the
   name 10, while the latter will create a numerical AVP.

   You can modify/overwrite AVPs with this function.

4.2. get(name)

   get an Kamailio AVP:
my $numavp = Kamailio::AVP::get(5);
my $stravp = Kamailio::AVP::get("foo");

4.3. destroy(name)

   Destroy an AVP.
Kamailio::AVP::destroy(5);
Kamailio::AVP::destroy("foo");

5. Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers

   5.1.
          new(publicAccessPrefix,internationalPrefix,longDistancePrefix,count
          ryCode,areaCode,pbxCode)

   5.2. canonicalForm( number [, context] )
   5.3. dialNumber( number [, context] )

   Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers - Functions for canonical forms of phone
   numbers.
use Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers;

my $phonenumbers = new Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers(
     publicAccessPrefix => "0",
     internationalPrefix => "+",
     longDistancePrefix => "0",
     areaCode => "761",
     pbxCode => "456842",
     countryCode => "49"
   );

$canonical = $phonenumbers->canonicalForm("07612034567");
$number    = $phonenumbers->dialNumber("+497612034567");

   A telephone number starting with a plus sign and containing all dial
   prefixes is in canonical form. This is usually not the number to dial
   at any location, so the dialing number depends on the context of the
   user/system.

   The idea to canonicalize numbers were taken from hylafax.

   Example: +497614514829 is the canonical form of my phone number, 829 is
   the number to dial at Pyramid, 4514829 is the dialing number from
   Freiburg are and so on.

   To canonicalize any number, we strip off any dial prefix we find and
   then add the prefixes for the location. So, when the user enters the
   number 04514829 in context pyramid, we remove the publicAccessPrefix
   (at Pyramid this is 0) and the pbxPrefix (4514 here). The result is
   829. Then we add all the general dial prefixes - 49 (country) 761
   (area) 4514 (pbx) and 829, the number itself => +497614514829

   To get the dialing number from a canonical phone number, we subtract
   all general prefixes until we have something

   As said before, the interpretation of a phone number depends on the
   context of the location. For the functions in this package, the context
   is created through the new operator.

   The following fields should be set:
'longDistancePrefix'
'areaCode'
'pbxCode'
'internationalPrefix'
'publicAccessPrefix'
'countryCode'

   This module exports the following functions when useed:

5.1. new(publicAccessPrefix,internationalPrefix,longDistancePrefix,countryCod
e,areaCode,pbxCode)

   The new operator returns an object of this type and sets its locational
   context according to the passed parameters. See
   Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers above.

5.2. canonicalForm( number [, context] )

   Convert a phone number (given as first argument) into its canonical
   form. When no context is passed in as the second argument, the default
   context from the systems configuration file is used.

5.3. dialNumber( number [, context] )

   Convert a canonical phone number (given in the first argument) into a
   number to to dial. WHen no context is given in the second argument, a
   default context from the systems configuration is used.

6. Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf

   6.1. Constructor new()
   6.2. Method base()
   6.3. Method host()
   6.4. Method port()
   6.5. Method uri()
   6.6. Method rootbindpw()
   6.7. Method rootbinddn()
   6.8. Method binddn()
   6.9. Method bindpw()

   Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf - Read openldap config from standard
   config files.
use Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf;
my $conf = new Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf();

   This module may be used to retrieve the global LDAP configuration as
   used by other LDAP software, such as nsswitch.ldap and pam-ldap. The
   configuration is usualy stored in /etc/openldap/ldap.conf

   When used from an account with sufficient privileges (e.g. root), the
   ldap manager password is also retrieved.

6.1. Constructor new()

   Returns a new, initialized Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf object.

6.2. Method base()

   Returns the servers base-dn to use when doing queries.

6.3. Method host()

   Returns the ldap host to contact.

6.4. Method port()

   Returns the ldap servers port.

6.5. Method uri()

   Returns an uri to contact the ldap server. When there is no ldap_uri in
   the configuration file, an ldap: uri is constructed from host and port.

6.6. Method rootbindpw()

   Returns the ldap "root" password.

   Note that the rootbindpw is only available when the current account has
   sufficient privileges to access /etc/openldap/ldap.secret.

6.7. Method rootbinddn()

   Returns the DN to use for "root"-access to the ldap server.

6.8. Method binddn()

   Returns the DN to use for authentication to the ldap server. When no
   bind dn has been specified in the configuration file, returns the
   rootbinddn.

6.9. Method bindpw()

   Returns the password to use for authentication to the ldap server. When
   no bind password has been specified, returns the rootbindpw if any.

7. Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection

   7.1. Constructor new( [config, [authenticated]] )
   7.2. Function/Method search( conf, filter, base, [requested_attributes
          ...])

        7.2.1. Arguments:
        7.2.2. Result:

   Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection - Perl module to perform simple
   LDAP queries.

   OO-Style interface:
use Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection;
my $ldap = new Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection;
my @rows = $ldap-search("uid=andi","ou=people,ou=coreworks,ou=de");

   Procedural interface:
use Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection;
my @rows = $ldap->search(
      new Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConfig(), "uid=andi","ou=people,ou=coreworks,
ou=de");

   This perl module offers a somewhat simplified interface to the
   Net::LDAP functionality. It is intended for cases where just a few
   attributes should be retrieved without the overhead of the full
   featured Net::LDAP.

7.1. Constructor new( [config, [authenticated]] )

   Set up a new LDAP connection.

   The first argument, when given, should be a hash reference pointing to
   to the connection parameters, possibly an
   Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConfig object. This argument may be undef in
   which case a new (default) Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConfig object is
   used.

   When the optional second argument is a true value, the connection will
   be authenticated. Otherwise an anonymous bind is done.

   On success, a new LDAPConnection object is returned, otherwise the
   result is undef.

7.2. Function/Method search( conf, filter, base, [requested_attributes ...])

   perform an ldap search, return the dn of the first matching directory
   entry, unless a specific attribute has been requested, in which case
   the values(s) for this attribute are returned.

   When the first argument (conf) is a
   Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection, it will be used to perform the
   queries. You can pass the first argument implicitly by using the
   "method" syntax.

   Otherwise the conf argument should be a reference to a hash containing
   the connection setup parameters as contained in a
   Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConf object. In this mode, the
   Kamailio::LDAPUtils::LDAPConnection from previous queries will be
   reused.

7.2.1. Arguments:

   conf
          configuration object, used to find host,port,suffix and
          use_ldap_checks

   filter
          ldap search filter, eg '(mail=some@domain)'

   base
          search base for this query. If undef use default suffix, concat
          base with default suffix if the last char is a ','

   requested_attributes
          retrieve the given attributes instead of the dn from the ldap
          directory.

7.2.2. Result:

   Without any specific requested_attributes, return the dn of all
   matching entries in the LDAP directory.

   When some requested_attributes are given, return an array with those
   attributes. When multiple entries match the query, the attribute lists
   are concatenated.

8. Kamailio::VDB

   This package is an (abstract) base class for all virtual databases.
   Derived packages can be configured to be used by Kamailio as a
   database.

   The base class itself should NOT be used in this context, as it does
   not provide any functionality.

9. Kamailio::Constants

   This package provides a number of constants taken from enums and
   defines of Kamailio header files. Unfortunately, there is no mechanism
   for updating the constants automatically, so check the values if you
   are in doubt.

10. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Speeddial

   This adapter can be used with the speeddial module.

11. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Alias

   11.1. query(conds,retkeys,order)

   This package is intended for usage with the alias_db module. The query
   VTab has to take two arguments and return an array of two arguments
   (user name/domain).

11.1. query(conds,retkeys,order)

   Queries the vtab with the given arguments for request conditions, keys
   to return and sort order column name.

12. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::AccountingSIPtrace

   This package is an Adapter for the acc and siptrace modules, featuring
   only an insert operation.

13. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Describe

   This package is intended for debug usage. It will print information
   about requested functions and operations of a client module.

   Use this module to request schema information when creating new
   adapters.

14. Kamailio::VDB::Adapter::Auth

   This adapter is intended for usage with the auth_db module. The VTab
   should take a username as an argument and return a (plain text!)
   password.

15. Kamailio::VDB::ReqCond

   15.1. new(key,op,type,name)
   15.2. op()

   This package represents a request condition for database access,
   consisting of a column name, an operator (=, <, >, ...), a data type
   and a value.

   This package inherits from Kamailio::VDB::Pair and thus includes its
   methods.

15.1. new(key,op,type,name)

   Constructs a new Column object.

15.2. op()

   Returns or sets the current operator.

16. Kamailio::VDB::Pair

   16.1. new(key,type,name)
   16.2. key()

   This package represents database key/value pairs, consisting of a key,
   a value type, and the value.

   This package inherits from Kamailio::VDB::Value and thus has the same
   methods.

16.1. new(key,type,name)

   Constructs a new Column object.

16.2. key()

   Returns or sets the current key.

17. Kamailio::VDB::VTab

   17.1. new()
   17.2. call(op,[args])

   This package handles virtual tables and is used by the Kamailio::VDB
   class to store information about valid tables. The package is not
   intended for end user access.

17.1. new()

Constructs a new VTab object

17.2. call(op,[args])

   Invokes an operation on the table (insert, update, ...) with the given
   arguments.

18. Kamailio::VDB::Value

   18.1. stringification
   18.2. new(type,data)
   18.3. type()
   18.4. data()

   This package represents a database value. Additional to the data
   itself, information about its type is stored.

18.1. stringification

   When accessing a Kamailio::VDB::Value object as a string, it simply
   returns its data regardless of its type. =cut

   use strict;

   package Kamailio::VDB::Value;

   use overload '""' => \&stringify;

   sub stringify { shift->{data} }

   use Kamailio; use Kamailio::Constants;

   our @ISA = qw ( Kamailio::Utils::Debug );

18.2. new(type,data)

   Constructs a new Value object. Its data type and the data are passed as
   parameters.

18.3. type()

   Returns or sets the current data type. Please consider using the
   constants from Kamailio::Constants

18.4. data()

   Returns or sets the current data.

19. Kamailio::VDB::Column

   19.1. Stringification
   19.2. new(type,name)
   19.3. type( )
   19.4. name()
   19.5. Kamailio::VDB::Result
   19.6. new(coldefs,[row, row, ...])
   19.7. coldefs()
   19.8. rows()

   This package represents database column definition, consisting of a
   column name and its data type.

19.1. Stringification

   When accessing a Kamailio::VDB::Column object as a string, it simply
   returns its column name regardless of its type. =cut

   package Kamailio::VDB::Column;

   use overload '""' => \&stringify;

   sub stringify { shift->{name} }

   use Kamailio; use Kamailio::Constants;

   our @ISA = qw ( Kamailio::Utils::Debug );

19.2. new(type,name)

   Constructs a new Column object. Its type and the name are passed as
   parameters.

19.3. type( )

   Returns or sets the current type. Please consider using the constants
   from Kamailio::Constants

19.4. name()

   Returns or sets the current column name.

19.5. Kamailio::VDB::Result

   This class represents a VDB result set. It contains a column
   definition, plus an array of rows. Rows themselves are simply
   references to arrays of scalars.

19.6. new(coldefs,[row, row, ...])

   The constructor creates a new Result object. Its first parameter is a
   reference to an array of Kamailio::VDB::Column objects. Additional
   parameters may be passed to provide initial rows, which are references
   to arrays of scalars.

19.7. coldefs()

Returns or sets the column definition of the object.

19.8. rows()

Returns or sets the rows of the object.

Chapter 3. Perl samples

   Table of Contents

   1. Sample directory

        1.1. Script descriptions

              1.1.1. branches.pl
              1.1.2. firstline.pl
              1.1.3. flags.pl
              1.1.4. functions.pl
              1.1.5. headers.pl
              1.1.6. logging.pl
              1.1.7. messagedump.pl
              1.1.8. persistence.pl
              1.1.9. phonenumbers.pl
              1.1.10. pseudovars.pl

1. Sample directory

   1.1. Script descriptions

        1.1.1. branches.pl
        1.1.2. firstline.pl
        1.1.3. flags.pl
        1.1.4. functions.pl
        1.1.5. headers.pl
        1.1.6. logging.pl
        1.1.7. messagedump.pl
        1.1.8. persistence.pl
        1.1.9. phonenumbers.pl
        1.1.10. pseudovars.pl

   There are a number of example scripts in the “samples/”. They are
   documented well. Read them, it will explain a lot to you :)

   If you want to use any of these scripts directly in your
   implementation, you can use Perl's “require” mechanism to import them
   (just remember that you need to use quotes when require'ing .pl files).

1.1. Script descriptions

   The included sample scripts are described below:

1.1.1. branches.pl

   The minimal function in branches.pl demonstrates that you can access
   the "append_branch" function from within perl, just as you would have
   done from your normal configuration file. You'll find documentation on
   the concepts of branching in the Kamailio documentation.

1.1.2. firstline.pl

   Message's first_line structure may be evaluated. Message can be either
   of SIP_REQUEST or SIP_REPLY. Depending on that, different information
   can be received. This script demonstrates these functions.

1.1.3. flags.pl

   The perl module provides access to Kamailio's flagging mechanism. The
   flag names available for Kamailio modules are made available through
   the Kamailio::Constants package, so you can flag messages as "green",
   "magenta" etc.

   The first function, setflag, demonstrates how the "green" flag is set.
   In the second function, readflag, the "green" and "magenta" flags are
   evaluated.

1.1.4. functions.pl

   This sample script demonstrates different things related to calling
   functions from within perl, and the different types of functions you
   can offer for Kamailio access.

   “exportedfuncs” simply demonstrates that you can use the moduleFunction
   method to call functions offered by other modules. The results are
   equivalent to calling these functions from your config file. In the
   demonstrated case, telephone calls with a destination number beginning
   with 555... are rejected with an internal server error. Other
   destination addresses are passed to the alias_db module.

   Please note that the moduleFunction method is not fully available in
   Kamailio 1.2. See the method's documentation for details.

   “paramfunc” shows that you can pass arbitrary strings to perl
   functions. Do with them whatever you want :)

   “autotest” demonstrates that unknown functions in Kamailio::Message
   objects are automatically transformed into calls to module functions.

   The “diefunc”s show that dying perl scripts - by "manual" dying, or
   because of script errors - are handled by the Kamailio package. The
   error message is logged through Kamailio's logging mechanism. Please
   note that this only works correctly if you do NOT overwrite the default
   die handler. Oh, yes, that works for warnings, too.

1.1.5. headers.pl

   Header extraction is among the most crucial functionalities while
   processing SIP messages. This sample script demonstrates access to
   header names and values within two sample functions.

   “headernames” extracts all header names and logs their names.

   “someheaders” logs the contents of the two headers, “To” and
   “WWW-Contact”. As you can see, headers that occur more than once are
   retrieved as an array, which may be accessed by Perl's array accessing
   methods.

1.1.6. logging.pl

   For debugging purposes, you probably want to write messages to the
   syslog. The “logdemo” shows three ways to access the Kamailio log
   function: it is available through the Kamailio class as well as through
   the Kamailio::Message class.

   Remember that you can use exported functions from other modules. You
   may thus as well use the “xlog” module and it's xlog function.

   The L_INFO, L_DBG, L_ERR, L_CRIT... constants are available through the
   Kamailio::Constants package.

1.1.7. messagedump.pl

   This script demonstrates how to access the whole message header of the
   current message. Please note that modifications on the message made by
   earlier function calls in your configuration script may NOT be
   reflected in this dump.

1.1.8. persistence.pl

   When processing SIP messages, you may want to use persistent data
   across multiple calls to your Perl functions. Your first option is to
   use global variables in your script. Unfortunately, these globals are
   not visible from the multiple instances of Kamailio. You may want to
   use a mechanism such as the IPC::Shareable shared memory access package
   to correct this.

1.1.9. phonenumbers.pl

   The Kamailio::Utils::PhoneNumbers package provides two methods for the
   transformation of local to canonical telephone numbers, and vice versa.
   This script demonstrates it's use.

1.1.10. pseudovars.pl

   This script demonstrates the Perl module's “pseudoVar” method. It may
   be used to retrieve the values of current pseudo variables.

   You might notice that there is no particular function for setting
   pseudo variables; you may use the exported functions from the avpops
   module, though.

Chapter 4. Frequently Asked Questions

   4.1. Are there known bugs in the Perl module?
   4.2. Where can I find more about Kamailio?
   4.3. Where can I post a question about this module?
   4.4. How can I report a bug?

   4.1.

       Are there known bugs in the Perl module?

       The Perl module does have a few shortcomings that may be regarded as
       bugs.
         * Missing module functions. Not all functions of other modules are
           available for Perl access. The reason for this is a design property
           of Kamailio. Making available more functions is work in progress.
         * Perl and threads. Perl itself is, when compiled with the correct
           parameters, thread safe; unfortunately, not all Perl modules are.
           The DBI modules, especially (but not restricted to) DBI::ODBC are
           known NOT to be thread safe.
           Using DBI::ODBC -- and possibly other non-thread-safe Perl
           extensions -- may result in erroneous behavior of Kamailio,
           including (but not restricted to) server crashes and wrong routing.

   4.2.

       Where can I find more about Kamailio?

       Take a look at https://www.kamailio.org/.

   4.3.

       Where can I post a question about this module?

       First at all check if your question was already answered on one of our
       mailing lists:
         * User Mailing List -
           https://lists.kamailio.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/sr-users
         * Developer Mailing List -
           https://lists.kamailio.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/sr-dev

       E-mails regarding any stable Kamailio release should be sent to
       <sr-users@lists.kamailio.org> and e-mails regarding development
       versions should be sent to <sr-dev@lists.kamailio.org>.

   4.4.

       How can I report a bug?

       Please follow the guidelines provided at:
       https://github.com/kamailio/kamailio/issues.
