# Vim documentation: scroll

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    *scroll.txt*    For Vim version 7.2.  Last change: 2006 Aug 27

    		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar

    Scrolling						*scrolling*

    These commands move the contents of the window.  If the cursor position is
    moved off of the window, the cursor is moved onto the window (with
    'scrolloff' screen lines around it).  A page is the number of lines in the
    window minus two.  The mnemonics for these commands may be a bit confusing.
    Remember that the commands refer to moving the window (the part of the buffer
    that you see) upwards or downwards in the buffer.  When the window moves
    upwards in the buffer, the text in the window moves downwards on your screen.

    See section |03.7| of the user manual for an introduction.

    1. Scrolling downwards		|scroll-down|
    2. Scrolling upwards		|scroll-up|
    3. Scrolling relative to cursor	|scroll-cursor|
    4. Scrolling horizontally	|scroll-horizontal|
    5. Scrolling synchronously	|scroll-binding|
    6. Scrolling with a mouse wheel |scroll-mouse-wheel|

    ==============================================================================

    1. Scrolling downwards					*scroll-down*

    The following commands move the edit window (the part of the buffer that you
    see) downwards (this means that more lines downwards in the text buffer can be
    seen):

    							*CTRL-E*
    CTRL-E			Scroll window [count] lines downwards in the buffer.
    			Mnemonic: Extra lines.

    							*CTRL-D*
    CTRL-D			Scroll window Downwards in the buffer.  The number of
    			lines comes from the 'scroll' option (default: half a
    			screen).  If [count] given, first set 'scroll' option
    			to [count].  The cursor is moved the same number of
    			lines down in the file (if possible; when lines wrap
    			and when hitting the end of the file there may be a
    			difference).  When the cursor is on the last line of
    			the buffer nothing happens and a beep is produced.
    			See also 'startofline' option.
    			{difference from vi: Vim scrolls 'scroll' screen
    			lines, instead of file lines; makes a difference when
    			lines wrap}

    <S-Down>	or				*<S-Down>* *<kPageDown>*

    <PageDown>	or				*<PageDown>* *CTRL-F*
    CTRL-F			Scroll window [count] pages Forwards (downwards) in
    			the buffer.  See also 'startofline' option.
    			When there is only one window the 'window' option
    			might be used.

    							*z+*
    z+			Without [count]: Redraw with the line just below the
    			window at the top of the window.  Put the cursor in
    			that line, at the first non-blank in the line.
    			With [count]: just like "z<CR>".

    ==============================================================================

    2. Scrolling upwards					*scroll-up*

    The following commands move the edit window (the part of the buffer that you
    see) upwards (this means that more lines upwards in the text buffer can be
    seen):

    							*CTRL-Y*
    CTRL-Y			Scroll window [count] lines upwards in the buffer.
    			Note: When using the MS-Windows key bindings CTRL-Y is
    			remapped to redo.

    							*CTRL-U*
    CTRL-U			Scroll window Upwards in the buffer.  The number of
    			lines comes from the 'scroll' option (default: half a
    			screen).  If [count] given, first set the 'scroll'
    			option to [count].  The cursor is moved the same
    			number of lines up in the file (if possible; when
    			lines wrap and when hitting the end of the file there
    			may be a difference).  When the cursor is on the first
    			line of the buffer nothing happens and a beep is
    			produced.  See also 'startofline' option.
    			{difference from vi: Vim scrolls 'scroll' screen
    			lines, instead of file lines; makes a difference when
    			lines wrap}

    <S-Up>		or					*<S-Up>* *<kPageUp>*

    <PageUp>	or					*<PageUp>* *CTRL-B*
    CTRL-B			Scroll window [count] pages Backwards (upwards) in the
    			buffer.  See also 'startofline' option.
    			When there is only one window the 'window' option
    			might be used.

    							*z^*
    z^			Without [count]: Redraw with the line just above the
    			window at the bottom of the window.  Put the cursor in
    			that line, at the first non-blank in the line.
    			With [count]: First scroll the text to put the [count]
    			line at the bottom of the window, then redraw with the
    			line which is now at the top of the window at the
    			bottom of the window.  Put the cursor in that line, at
    			the first non-blank in the line.

    ==============================================================================

    3. Scrolling relative to cursor				*scroll-cursor*

    The following commands reposition the edit window (the part of the buffer that
    you see) while keeping the cursor on the same line:

    							*z<CR>*
    z<CR>			Redraw, line [count] at top of window (default
    			cursor line).  Put cursor at first non-blank in the
    			line.

    							*zt*
    zt			Like "z<CR>", but leave the cursor in the same
    			column.  {not in Vi}

    							*zN<CR>*
    z{height}<CR>		Redraw, make window {height} lines tall.  This is
    			useful to make the number of lines small when screen
    			updating is very slow.  Cannot make the height more
    			than the physical screen height.

    							*z.*
    z.			Redraw, line [count] at center of window (default
    			cursor line).  Put cursor at first non-blank in the
    			line.

    							*zz*
    zz			Like "z.", but leave the cursor in the same column.
    			Careful: If caps-lock is on, this commands becomes
    			"ZZ": write buffer and exit!  {not in Vi}

    							*z-*
    z-			Redraw, line [count] at bottom of window (default
    			cursor line).  Put cursor at first non-blank in the
    			line.

    							*zb*
    zb			Like "z-", but leave the cursor in the same column.
    			{not in Vi}

    ==============================================================================

    4. Scrolling horizontally				*scroll-horizontal*

    For the following four commands the cursor follows the screen.  If the
    character that the cursor is on is moved off the screen, the cursor is moved
    to the closest character that is on the screen.  The value of 'sidescroll' is
    not used.

    z<Right>    or						*zl* *z<Right>*
    zl			Move the view on the text [count] characters to the
    			right, thus scroll the text [count] characters to the
    			left.  This only works when 'wrap' is off.  {not in
    			Vi}

    z<Left>      or						*zh* *z<Left>*
    zh			Move the view on the text [count] characters to the
    			left, thus scroll the text [count] characters to the
    			right.  This only works when 'wrap' is off.  {not in
    			Vi}

    							*zL*
    zL			Move the view on the text half a screenwidth to the
    			right, thus scroll the text half a screenwidth to the
    			left.  This only works when 'wrap' is off.  {not in
    			Vi}

    							*zH*
    zH			Move the view on the text half a screenwidth to the
    			left, thus scroll the text half a screenwidth to the
    			right.  This only works when 'wrap' is off.  {not in
    			Vi}

    For the following two commands the cursor is not moved in the text, only the
    text scrolls on the screen.

    							*zs*
    zs			Scroll the text horizontally to position the cursor
    			at the start (left side) of the screen.  This only
    			works when 'wrap' is off.  {not in Vi}

    							*ze*
    ze			Scroll the text horizontally to position the cursor
    			at the end (right side) of the screen.  This only
    			works when 'wrap' is off.  {not in Vi}

    ==============================================================================

    5. Scrolling synchronously				*scroll-binding*

    Occasionally, it is desirable to bind two or more windows together such that
    when one window is scrolled, the other windows are scrolled also.  In Vim,
    windows can be given this behavior by setting the (window-specific)
    'scrollbind' option.  When a window that has 'scrollbind' set is scrolled, all
    other 'scrollbind' windows are scrolled the same amount, if possible.  The
    behavior of 'scrollbind' can be modified by the 'scrollopt' option.

    When using the scrollbars, the binding only happens when scrolling the window
    with focus (where the cursor is).  You can use this to avoid scroll-binding
    for a moment without resetting options.

    When a window also has the 'diff' option set, the scroll-binding uses the
    differences between the two buffers to synchronize the position precisely.
    Otherwise the following method is used.

    							*scrollbind-relative*
    Each 'scrollbind' window keeps track of its "relative offset," which can be
    thought of as the difference between the current window's vertical scroll
    position and the other window's vertical scroll position.  When one of the
    'scrollbind' windows is asked to vertically scroll past the beginning or end
    limit of its text, the window no longer scrolls, but remembers how far past
    the limit it wishes to be.  The window keeps this information so that it can
    maintain the same relative offset, regardless of its being asked to scroll
    past its buffer's limits.

    However, if a 'scrollbind' window that has a relative offset that is past its
    buffer's limits is given the cursor focus, the other 'scrollbind' windows must
    jump to a location where the current window's relative offset is valid.  This
    behavior can be changed by clearing the 'jump' flag from the 'scrollopt'
    option.

    						*syncbind* *:syncbind* *:sync*
    :syncbind		Force all 'scrollbind' windows to have the same
    			relative offset.  I.e., when any of the 'scrollbind'
    			windows is scrolled to the top of its buffer, all of
    			the 'scrollbind' windows will also be at the top of
    			their buffers.

    							*scrollbind-quickadj*
    The 'scrollbind' flag is meaningful when using keyboard commands to vertically
    scroll a window, and also meaningful when using the vertical scrollbar of the
    window which has the cursor focus.  However, when using the vertical scrollbar
    of a window which doesn't have the cursor focus, 'scrollbind' is ignored.
    This allows quick adjustment of the relative offset of 'scrollbind' windows.

    ==============================================================================

    6. Scrolling with a mouse wheel				*scroll-mouse-wheel*

    When your mouse has a scroll wheel, it should work with Vim in the GUI.  How
    it works depends on your system.  It might also work in an xterm
    |xterm-mouse-wheel|.

    For the Win32 GUI the scroll action is hard coded.  It works just like
    dragging the scrollbar of the current window.  How many lines are scrolled
    depends on your mouse driver.  If the scroll action causes input focus
    problems, see |intellimouse-wheel-problems|.

    For the X11 GUIs (Motif, Athena and GTK) scrolling the wheel generates key
    presses <MouseDown> and <MouseUp>.  The default action for these keys are:

        <MouseDown>		scroll three lines down.	*<MouseDown>*

        <S-MouseDown>	scroll a full page down.	*<S-MouseDown>*

        <C-MouseDown>	scroll a full page down.	*<C-MouseDown>*

        <MouseUp>		scroll three lines up.		*<MouseUp>*

        <S-MouseUp>		scroll a full page up.		*<S-MouseUp>*

        <C-MouseUp>		scroll a full page up.		*<C-MouseUp>*
    This should work in all modes, except when editing the command line.

    Note that <MouseDown> is used for scrolling the text down, this happens when
    you turn the mouse wheel up!

    You can modify this behavior by mapping the keys.  For example, to make the
    scroll wheel move one line or half a page in Normal mode:
       :map <MouseDown> <C-Y>
       :map <S-MouseDown> <C-U>
       :map <MouseUp> <C-E>
       :map <S-MouseUp> <C-D>
    You can also use Alt and Ctrl modifiers.

    This only works when Vim gets the scroll wheel events, of course.  You can
    check if this works with the "xev" program.

    When using XFree86, the /etc/XF86Config file should have the correct entry for
    your mouse.  For FreeBSD, this entry works for a Logitech scrollmouse:
        Protocol     "MouseMan"
        Device       "/dev/psm0"
        ZAxisMapping 4 5
    See the XFree86 documentation for information.

    							*xterm-mouse-wheel*
    To use the mouse wheel in a new xterm you only have to make the scroll wheel
    work in your Xserver, as mentioned above.

    To use the mouse wheel in an older xterm you must do this:
    1. Make it work in your Xserver, as mentioned above.
    2. Add translations for the xterm, so that the xterm will pass a scroll event
       to Vim as an escape sequence.
    3. Add mappings in Vim, to interpret the escape sequences as <MouseUp> or
       <MouseDown> keys.

    You can do the translations by adding this to your ~.Xdefaults file (or other
    file where your X resources are kept):

      XTerm*VT100.Translations:		#override \n\
    		s<Btn4Down>: string("0x9b") string("[64~") \n\
    		s<Btn5Down>: string("0x9b") string("[65~") \n\
    		<Btn4Down>: string("0x9b") string("[62~") \n\
    		<Btn5Down>: string("0x9b") string("[63~") \n\
    		<Btn4Up>: \n\
    		<Btn5Up>:

    Add these mappings to your vimrc file:
    	:map <M-Esc>[62~ <MouseDown>
    	:map! <M-Esc>[62~ <MouseDown>
    	:map <M-Esc>[63~ <MouseUp>
    	:map! <M-Esc>[63~ <MouseUp>
    	:map <M-Esc>[64~ <S-MouseDown>
    	:map! <M-Esc>[64~ <S-MouseDown>
    	:map <M-Esc>[65~ <S-MouseUp>
    	:map! <M-Esc>[65~ <S-MouseUp>

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