# Vim documentation: os_win32

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    *os_win32.txt*  For Vim version 7.4.  Last change: 2016 Mar 05

    		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by George Reilly

    						*win32* *Win32* *MS-Windows*
    This file documents the idiosyncrasies of the Win32 version of Vim.

    The Win32 version of Vim works on Windows NT, 95, 98, ME, XP, Vista and
    Windows 7.  There are both console and GUI versions.

    The 32 bit version also runs on 64 bit MS-Windows systems.

    There is GUI version for use in the Win32s subsystem in Windows 3.1[1].  You
    can also use the 32-bit DOS version of Vim instead.  See |os_msdos.txt|.

    1. Known problems		|win32-problems|
    2. Startup			|win32-startup|
    3. Restore screen contents	|win32-restore|
    4. Using the mouse		|win32-mouse|
    5. Running under Windows 3.1	|win32-win3.1|
    6. Win32 mini FAQ		|win32-faq|

    Additionally, there are a number of common Win32 and DOS items:
    File locations			|dos-locations|
    Using backslashes		|dos-backslash|
    Standard mappings		|dos-standard-mappings|
    Screen output and colors	|dos-colors|
    File formats			|dos-file-formats|
    :cd command			|dos-:cd|
    Interrupting			|dos-CTRL-Break|
    Temp files			|dos-temp-files|
    Shell option default		|dos-shell|

    Win32 GUI			|gui-w32|

    Credits:
    The Win32 version was written by George V. Reilly <george@reilly.org>.
    The original Windows NT port was done by Roger Knobbe <RogerK@wonderware.com>.
    The GUI version was made by George V. Reilly and Robert Webb.

    For compiling see "src/INSTALLpc.txt".			*win32-compiling*

    ==============================================================================

    1. Known problems				*windows95* *win32-problems*

    There are a few known problems with running in a console on Windows 95.  As
    far as we know, this is the same in Windows 98 and Windows ME.

    Comments from somebody working at Microsoft: "Win95 console support has always
    been and will always be flaky".
    1.  Dead key support doesn't work.
    2.  Resizing the window with ":set columns=nn lines=nn" works, but executing
        external commands MAY CAUSE THE SYSTEM TO HANG OR CRASH.
    3.  Screen updating is slow, unless you change 'columns' or 'lines' to a
        non-DOS value.  But then the second problem applies!

    If this bothers you, use the 32 bit MS-DOS version or the Win32 GUI version.

    When doing file name completion, Vim also finds matches for the short file
    name.  But Vim will still find and use the corresponding long file name.  For
    example, if you have the long file name "this_is_a_test" with the short file
    name "this_i~1", the command ":e *1" will start editing "this_is_a_test".

    ==============================================================================

    2. Startup						*win32-startup*

    Current directory					*win32-curdir*

    If Vim is started with a single file name argument, and it has a full path
    (starts with "x:\"), Vim assumes it was started from the file explorer and
    will set the current directory to where that file is.  To avoid this when
    typing a command to start Vim, use a forward slash instead of a backslash.
    Example:

    	vim c:\text\files\foo.txt

    Will change to the "C:\text\files" directory.

    	vim c:/text\files\foo.txt

    Will use the current directory.

    Term option						*win32-term*

    The only kind of terminal type that the Win32 version of Vim understands is
    "win32", which is built-in.  If you set 'term' to anything else, you will
    probably get very strange behavior from Vim.  Therefore Vim does not obtain
    the default value of 'term' from the environment variable "TERM".

    $PATH							*win32-PATH*

    The directory of the Vim executable is appended to $PATH.  This is mostly to
    make "!xxd" work, as it is in the Tools menu.  And it also means that when
    executable() returns 1 the executable can actually be executed.

    Quotes in file names					*win32-quotes*

    Quotes inside a file name (or any other command line argument) can be escaped
    with a backslash.  E.g.
    	vim -c "echo 'foo\"bar'"

    Alternatively use three quotes to get one:
    	vim -c "echo 'foo"""bar'"

    The quotation rules are:

    1. A `"` starts quotation.
    2. Another `"` or `""` ends quotation. If the quotation ends with `""`, a `"`
       is produced at the end of the quoted string.

    Examples, with [] around an argument:
            "foo"           -> [foo]
            "foo""          -> [foo"]
            "foo"bar        -> [foobar]
            "foo" bar       -> [foo], [bar]
            "foo""bar       -> [foo"bar]
            "foo"" bar      -> [foo"], [bar]
            "foo"""bar"     -> [foo"bar]

    ==============================================================================

    3. Restore screen contents				*win32-restore*

    When 'restorescreen' is set (which is the default), Vim will restore the
    original contents of the console when exiting or when executing external
    commands.  If you don't want this, use ":set nors"	|'restorescreen'|

    ==============================================================================

    4. Using the mouse					*win32-mouse*

    The Win32 version of Vim supports using the mouse.  If you have a two-button
    mouse, the middle button can be emulated by pressing both left and right
    buttons simultaneously - but note that in the Win32 GUI, if you have the right
    mouse button pop-up menu enabled (see 'mouse'), you should err on the side of
    pressing the left button first.				|mouse-using|

    When the mouse doesn't work, try disabling the "Quick Edit Mode" feature of
    the console.

    ==============================================================================

    5. Running under Windows 3.1				*win32-win3.1*

    						*win32s* *windows-3.1*
    There is a special version of Gvim that runs under Windows 3.1 and 3.11.  You
    need the gvim.exe that was compiled with Visual C++ 4.1.

    To run the Win32 version under Windows 3.1, you need to install Win32s.  You
    might have it already from another Win32 application which you have installed.
    If Vim doesn't seem to be running properly, get the latest version: 1.30c.
    You can find it at:

    	http://support.microsoft.com/download/support/mslfiles/pw1118.exe

    (Microsoft moved it again, we don't know where it is now :-( ).

    The reason for having two versions of gvim.exe is that the Win32s version was
    compiled with VC++ 4.1.  This is the last version of VC++ that supports Win32s
    programs.  VC++ 5.0 is better, so that one was used for the Win32 version.
    Apart from that, there is no difference between the programs.  If you are in a
    mixed environment, you can use the gvim.exe for Win32s on both.

    The Win32s version works the same way as the Win32 version under 95/NT.  When
    running under Win32s the following differences apply:
    - You cannot use long file names, because Windows 3.1 doesn't support them!
    - When executing an external command, it doesn't return an exit code.  After
      doing ":make" you have to do ":cn" yourself.

    ==============================================================================

    6. Win32 mini FAQ					*win32-faq*

    Q. Why does the Win32 version of Vim update the screen so slowly on Windows 95?
    A. The support for Win32 console mode applications is very buggy in Win95.
       For some unknown reason, the screen updates very slowly when Vim is run at
       one of the standard resolutions (80x25, 80x43, or 80x50) and the 16-bit DOS
       version updates the screen much more quickly than the Win32 version.
       However, if the screen is set to some other resolution, such as by ":set
       columns=100" or ":set lines=40", screen updating becomes about as fast as
       it is with the 16-bit version.

       WARNING: Changing 'columns' may make Windows 95 crash while updating the
       window (complaints --> Microsoft).  Since this mostly works, this has not
       been disabled, but be careful with changing 'columns'.

       Changing the screen resolution makes updates faster, but it brings
       additional problems.  External commands (e.g., ":!dir") can cause Vim to
       freeze when the screen is set to a non-standard resolution, particularly
       when 'columns' is not equal to 80.  It is not possible for Vim to reliably
       set the screen resolution back to the value it had upon startup before
       running external commands, so if you change the number of 'lines' or
       'columns', be very, very careful.  In fact, Vim will not allow you to
       execute external commands when 'columns' is not equal to 80, because it is
       so likely to freeze up afterwards.

       None of the above applies on Windows NT.  Screen updates are fast, no
       matter how many 'lines' or 'columns' the window has, and external commands
       do not cause Vim to freeze.

    Q. So if the Win32 version updates the screen so slowly on Windows 95 and the
       16-bit DOS version updates the screen quickly, why would I want to run the
       Win32 version?
    A. Firstly, the Win32 version isn't that slow, especially when the screen is
       set to some non-standard number of 'lines' or 'columns'.  Secondly, the
       16-bit DOS version has some severe limitations: It can't do big changes and
       it doesn't know about long file names.  The Win32 version doesn't have these
       limitations and it's faster overall (the same is true for the 32-bit DJGPP
       DOS version of Vim).  The Win32 version is smarter about handling the
       screen, the mouse, and the keyboard than the DJGPP version is.

    Q. And what about the 16-bit DOS version versus the Win32 version on NT?
    A. There are no good reasons to run the 16-bit DOS version on NT.  The Win32
       version updates the screen just as fast as the 16-bit version does when
       running on NT.  All of the above disadvantages apply.  Finally, DOS
       applications can take a long time to start up and will run more slowly.  On
       non-Intel NT platforms, the DOS version is almost unusably slow, because it
       runs on top of an 80x86 emulator.

    Q. How do I change the font?
    A. In the GUI version, you can use the 'guifont' option.  Example:
    	:set guifont=Lucida_Console:h15:cDEFAULT
       In the console version, you need to set the font of the console itself.
       You cannot do this from within Vim.

    Q. When I change the size of the console window with ':set lines=xx' or
       similar, the font changes! (Win95)
    A. You have the console font set to 'Auto' in Vim's (or your MS-DOS prompt's)
       properties.  This makes W95 guess (badly!) what font is best.  Set an explicit
       font instead.

    Q. Why can't I paste into Vim when running Windows 95?
    A. In the properties dialog box for the MS-DOS window, go to "MS-DOS
       Prompt/Misc/Fast pasting" and make sure that it is NOT checked.  You should
       also do ":set paste" in Vim to avoid unexpected effects.	|'paste'|

    Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows 95, in the console version?
       (A dead key is an accent key, such as acute, grave, or umlaut, that doesn't
       produce a character by itself, but when followed by another key, produces
       an accented character, such as a-acute, e-grave, u-umlaut, n-tilde, and so
       on.  Very useful for most European languages.  English-language keyboard
       layouts don't use dead keys, as far as we know.)
    A. You don't.  The console mode input routines simply do not work correctly in
       Windows 95, and I have not been able to work around them.  In the words
       of a senior developer at Microsoft:
    	Win95 console support has always been and will always be flaky.

    	The flakiness is unavoidable because we are stuck between the world of
    	MS-DOS keyboard TSRs like KEYB (which wants to cook the data;
    	important for international) and the world of Win32.

    	So keys that don't "exist" in MS-DOS land (like dead keys) have a
    	very tenuous existence in Win32 console land.  Keys that act
    	differently between MS-DOS land and Win32 console land (like
    	capslock) will act flaky.

    	Don't even _mention_ the problems with multiple language keyboard
    	layouts...

       You may be able to fashion some sort of workaround with the digraphs
       mechanism.							|digraphs|

       The best solution is to use the Win32 GUI version gvim.exe.  Alternatively,
       you can try one of the DOS versions of Vim where dead keys reportedly do
       work.

    Q. How do I type dead keys on Windows NT?
    A. Dead keys work on NT 3.51.  Just type them as you would in any other
       application.
       On NT 4.0, you need to make sure that the default locale (set in the
       Keyboard part of the Control Panel) is the same as the currently active
       locale.  Otherwise the NT code will get confused and crash!  This is a NT
       4.0 problem, not really a Vim problem.

    Q. I'm using Vim to edit a symbolically linked file on a Unix NFS file server.
       When I write the file, Vim does not "write through" the symlink.  Instead,
       it deletes the symbolic link and creates a new file in its place.  Why?
    A. On Unix, Vim is prepared for links (symbolic or hard).  A backup copy of
       the original file is made and then the original file is overwritten.  This
       assures that all properties of the file remain the same.  On non-Unix
       systems, the original file is renamed and a new file is written.  Only the
       protection bits are set like the original file.  However, this doesn't work
       properly when working on an NFS-mounted file system where links and other
       things exist.  The only way to fix this in the current version is not
       making a backup file, by ":set nobackup nowritebackup"     |'writebackup'|

    Q. I'm using Vim to edit a file on a Unix file server through Samba.  When I
       write the file, the owner of the file is changed.  Why?
    A. When writing a file Vim renames the original file, this is a backup (in
       case writing the file fails halfway).  Then the file is written as a new
       file.  Samba then gives it the default owner for the file system, which may
       differ from the original owner.
       To avoid this set the 'backupcopy' option to "yes".  Vim will then make a
       copy of the file for the backup, and overwrite the original file.  The
       owner isn't changed then.

    Q. How do I get to see the output of ":make" while it's running?
    A. Basically what you need is to put a tee program that will copy its input
       (the output from make) to both stdout and to the errorfile.  You can find a
       copy of tee (and a number of other GNU tools) at
    	http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net or	http://unxutils.sourceforge.net
       Alternatively, try the more recent Cygnus version of the GNU tools at
    	http://www.cygwin.com Other Unix-style tools for Win32 are listed at
    	http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Software/Operating_Systems/Unix/Win32/
       When you do get a copy of tee, you'll need to add
    	:set shellpipe=\|\ tee
       to your _vimrc.

    Q. I'm storing files on a remote machine that works with VisionFS, and files
       disappear!
    A. VisionFS can't handle certain dot (.) three letter extension file names.
       SCO declares this behavior required for backwards compatibility with 16bit
       DOS/Windows environments.  The two commands below demonstrate the behavior:

    	echo Hello > file.bat~
    	dir > file.bat

       The result is that the "dir" command updates the "file.bat~" file, instead
       of creating a new "file.bat" file.  This same behavior is exhibited in Vim
       when editing an existing file named "foo.bat" because the default behavior
       of Vim is to create a temporary file with a '~' character appended to the
       name.  When the file is written, it winds up being deleted.

       Solution: Add this command to your _vimrc file:
    	:set backupext=.temporary

    Q. How do I change the blink rate of the cursor?
    A. You can't!  This is a limitation of the NT console.  NT 5.0 is reported to
       be able to set the blink rate for all console windows at the same time.

    							*:!start*
    Q. How can I run an external command or program asynchronously?
    A. When using :! to run an external command, you can run it with "start":
    	:!start winfile.exe<CR>
       Using "start" stops Vim switching to another screen, opening a new console,
       or waiting for the program to complete; it indicates that you are running a
       program that does not affect the files you are editing.  Programs begun
       with :!start do not get passed Vim's open file handles, which means they do
       not have to be closed before Vim.
       To avoid this special treatment, use ":! start".
       There are two optional arguments (see the next Q):
           /min  the window will be minimized
           /b    no console window will be opened
       You can use only one of these flags at a time.  A second one will be
       treated as the start of the command.

    Q. How do I avoid getting a window for programs that I run asynchronously?
    A. You have two possible solutions depending on what you want:
       1) You may use the /min flag in order to run program in a minimized state
          with no other changes. It will work equally for console and GUI
          applications.
       2) You can use the /b flag to run console applications without creating a
          console window for them (GUI applications are not affected). But you
          should use this flag only if the application you run doesn't require any
          input.  Otherwise it will get an EOF error because its input stream
          (stdin) would be redirected to \\.\NUL (stdout and stderr too).

       Example for a console application, run Exuberant ctags:
            :!start /min ctags -R .
       When it has finished you should see file named "tags" in your current
       directory.  You should notice the window title blinking on your taskbar.
       This is more noticeable for commands that take longer.
       Now delete the "tags" file and run this command:
            :!start /b ctags -R .
       You should have the same "tags" file, but this time there will be no
       blinking on the taskbar.
       Example for a GUI application:
            :!start /min notepad
            :!start /b notepad
       The first command runs notepad minimized and the second one runs it
       normally.

    Q. I'm using Win32s, and when I try to run an external command like "make",
       Vim doesn't wait for it to finish!  Help!
    A. The problem is that a 32-bit application (Vim) can't get notification from
       Windows that a 16-bit application (your DOS session) has finished.  Vim
       includes a work-around for this, but you must set up your DOS commands to
       run in a window, not full-screen.  Unfortunately the default when you
       install Windows is full-screen.  To change this:
       1) Start PIF editor (in the Main program group).
       2) Open the file "_DEFAULT.PIF" in your Windows directory.
       3) Changes the display option from "Full Screen" to "Windowed".
       4) Save and exit.

       To test, start Vim and type
    	:!dir C:\<CR>".
       You should see a DOS box window appear briefly with the directory listing.

    Q. I use Vim under Win32s and NT.  In NT, I can define the console to default to
       50 lines, so that I get a 80x50 shell when I ':sh'.  Can I do the same in
       W3.1x, or am I stuck with 80x25?
    A. Edit SYSTEM.INI and add 'ScreenLines=50' to the [NonWindowsApp] section.  DOS
       prompts and external DOS commands will now run in a 50-line window.

    						*windows-icon*
    Q. I don't like the Vim icon, can I change it?
    A. Yes, place your favorite icon in bitmaps/vim.ico in a directory of
       'runtimepath'.  For example ~/vimfiles/bitmaps/vim.ico.

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